![]() The tool also requires CSS to style parts of the interface. Then you can reference it and the required jQuery support like this: In order to use this tool, you must download a copy of MarkItUp there isn’t any hosted site. You can add attributes to control the precise number of rows and columns the editor supports like this: For example, when you enter the tags required to format HTML directly, you can see the result of that markup as output from the editor.Ĭreating the editor begins with a tag. You can configure MarkItUp so that it actually acts as a markup editor, so you can create markup and then view the output of that editor. MarkItUp is a jQuery plug-in that provides full text editing capabilities. One of the most popular APIs online is jQuery UI (and the underlying requirement, jQuery). Even if you use a local copy of the API, it does take a while to download to the user’s machine.ĭocumentation: Tiny MCE Wiki Documentation However, the code is a little on the large size. TinyMCE’s main advantages are that it’s self-contained and easy to use. The File menu contains an option for printing the formatted text as a default, but you can add other options to it by using plug-ins. You use standard POST methods to send the formatted output back to the server. Figure 2 shows the output you get for your efforts: You can use the same kinds of selectors that you use with CSS3, so there isn’t really any learning curve. The call to tinymce.init() with a selector value is all you need. Here’s the simplest script you can write to make TinyMCE functional. However, you can obtain a reasonably nice editor without doing much at all. There are all sorts of ways in which you can modify the functionality of TinyMCE, which include the use of plug-ins. As with most APIs, you can download your own copy of the code or use a hosted version as shown here. Adding support for TinyMCE consists of a simple tag in the, much as you would use for any other API. One of these tags is selected as part of the example script, the other isn’t. TinyMCE is easy to add to an application. The user also has access to a host of additional editing features through the menu. The toolbar includes basic editing features. There’s no third party support for this API, but really, it’s not the sort of editor that would attract much third-party support.Īll that many users really want is a simple editor that allows them to add some basics, such as bold type, and to use styles, such as headings. Its main disadvantages are that it may be too simple the API lacks functionality and it’s really hard to add new features without some programming experience of your own. The main advantages of this API are simplicity, small code size, and ease of use. Want to put some of the text in a blockquote? Switch to HTML and do it manually. If your user doesn’t see a required formatting tool, it’s easy to add the HTML to accommodate it by typing in the tags directly. When you click that icon, you switch the HTML view. That icon is unique amongst the editors reviewed in this article. Notice the magnifying glass icon at the end of the buttons. When you load the page, you see an extremely basic editor like the one shown in Figure 1. That’s it! This is all you need to use the widgEditor. ![]() You download the API to your local drive and add links to the required CSS and script as shown here. There’s no hosted site for this API, which makes sense because it’s so incredibly small. You must include this attribute or else the widgEditor won’t do anything. You start with a like the one shown here: Of all the editors in this article, widgEditor is also the simplest to add to your application. The widgEditor is meant to be extremely light (only 33.4 KB), simple to use, and efficient. Sometimes all you really need is the bare minimum. The following five free JavaScript libraries make it much easier to add a text editor to your application And ensure that it’s software that your users want to use. Much of human communication occurs beneath the surface in subliminal ways that bold or italics text can help a user express.īut who wants to create this functionality from scratch? Adding graphics, hyperlinks, and table support only makes the communication that much better.Īdding rich text to your application makes it possible for users to add emphasis or nuance to the meaning of their words. ![]() However, most of us expect to communicate in text or message windows with rich text editing features such as bold, italic, color, and specific font usage. For example, you can use one to add a quick note or a service request. The plain text editors that most APIs provide are fine for some purposes. ![]() These five libraries make it plug-and-play simple to add word processing functionality to your Web applications. Adding rich text editing to your HTML5 or JavaScript application is quite doable and it doesn’t have to cost you a dime.
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Your food will taste better, and it is better for you. It has many options for use.Įach of these methods will help you achieve the same result, a clean, hot fire with no chemical smells or fumes. You can also light it and place it atop your charcoal pile and build a little charcoal tepee over it to get the coals really lit well. This is the most efficient way to burn your kamado as the air is getting directly to the fire and not having to fight its way to the top of the coals to reach the fire. Let it burn for a minute, then dump your coals on top. You place two fire starters inside the small metal cage, close it, place it in your empty grill and light it. These are great for low and slow cooks in a kamado cooker. Blazaball- This handy little cage is something that we have just started carrying on our website and is a very handy little item.Be careful it will stay hot for a long time and is easy to get burned. Let it go for about five to ten minutes and pull the hot element out of the coals. You place the heating element down into the charcoal and plug it in. Electric Starters- For this, you must have an electrical outlet and usually requires an extension cord as well.Carefully pour the lit coals onto your charcoal pile and start cooking. In about ten minutes, the coals will have lit and burned from the bottom and ignited all the coals up to the top. Place the chimney full of charcoal over the newspaper balls and light the paper. ![]() ![]() Crumple two pieces of newspaper and set then on your grill grate. It starts with filling the chimney up with FOGO Premium charcoal. Newspaper and Chimney Starter- This is a great way to get a larger fire going quickly.The flames will shoot out the front of the torch and you simply aim it at the coals where you would like them lit. Just turn the gas knob on and hit the built-in igniter switch. The propane bottle gets screwed on to the torch and you’re ready to go. It is a portable propane bottle attached to a JJGeorge grill torch. Propane Grill Torch- This is quite possibly the easiest way to light your coals.Either way, your fire will be burning hot quickly. You can leave them burn or you can build a little charcoal tepee around them. Simply place one or two into the are where you want to start your fire and light them. The FOGO fire starters are an all-natural way to get the fire going. ![]() Fire Starters- These are an item that we sell right on our website or your local grill store should carry some.In just a few minutes you will have a nice, clean fire going. Simply tuck it down into your coals and light, it’s as easy as that. ![]() Simply wad up or twist the paper towel and cover it in cooking oil.
You can check the FFXIV server status here. Change Pose - Final Fantasy XIV A Realm Reborn Wiki - FFXIV / FF14 ARR. Other minor text issues have also been addressed.įfxiv servers are currently down for maintenance.The above adjustment ensures this increase to the Ninki Gauge remains unchanged when executing Phantom Kamaitachi. An issue when using Estate Teleportation via the friends list wherein setting aetheryte ticket usage to “Always Use” or “Always Use for Costs Above Gil Allowance” in the Teleport Settings window still incurred a gil fee without using tickets. Prior to Patch 6.05, both the execution of Phantom Kamaitachi and the effect of Bunshin increased the Ninki Gauge by 5, resulting in a total increase of 10.An issue in upper La Noscea wherein certain gathering points could not be accessed when using a gamepad.An issue in the island sanctuary wherein reviewing the workshop’s agenda caused the game client to forcibly close under certain conditions.An issue in the Omega Protocol (Ultimate) wherein Omega used auto-attack when players were under the effect of Magic Vulnerability Up inflicted by Hello, World. Patch 6.3 contains content that can only be accessed by registering the expansion packs for FINAL FANTASY XIV to your service account. Keep reading to see the patch notes for FFXIV Patch 6.28 Battle System changes Various jobs received adjustments to one or more of their actions and traits.The following issues have been addressed.The Buried Memory expansion looks set to push the world of Final Fantasy into new realms, making it possible to grow crops and look after beasts in your very own tropical paradise. ![]() In order to improve user experience when using Immerse Spatial Audio, the processing of certain ambient sounds with this feature has been adjusted. The FFXIV Patch 6.2 release date is coming this week, with maintenance set to begin before fans can start exploring their new Island Sanctuary. ![]() You can download a Snapfish app for your smartphone or tablet from one of these links: You can also upload photos from your mobile device, or from your Facebook, Instagram or Google Photos accounts using one of our Snapfish mobile apps. Your photos are now in your library, ready for the making. Once completed a screen will display, "Upload complete" as shown below with options to View, Upload more, or Order prints. The blue progress bar at the top and the number of photos uploaded so far in the upper right shows your progress. Tap or click Add more photos or Start upload.Tip: Hold down the mouse button and drag over the photos you want to select or hold down the control key(command key on Macs) and click on each photo. Select the photos to upload and click Open. Click SELECT PHOTOS, and browse to the folder where your photos are stored.Optional: Click Upload Preferences to choose standard or full photo resolution (recommended for large prints, like posters).EXISTING ALBUM (if you choose this option, you will need to select one of your current albums from the menu provided.NEW ALBUM (you can add a name for the album to the right of this option.Optional: Create a new album, or select an existing one for your photos (not available for Google imports yet: photos are saved as a new album named "Google + today's date"):.For the INSTAGRAM, FACEBOOK and GOOGLE options, you will need to log into your account to access and import your photos. Tap or click ADD PHOTOS at the top of most pages and select the source of your photos from the menu.How do I add photos and albums to my account? Plus, you can upload multiple photos at once. Great news! You can now upload your photos from your computer or mobile device, or from your Instagram, Facebook & Google accounts. ⭐20.) Sifu – Howie Lee – “Martial Mastery, Blood is on Fire & Fearless” ⭐19.) A Plague Tale: Requiem – Olivier Derivière – “No Turning Back, The Count & Unwilling Violence” ⭐18.) Elden Ring – Yuka Kitamura, Shoi Miyazawa & Yoshimi Kudo – “Formidable Foe 1, Invader & Old Warriors” ⭐17.) Live A Live – Yoko Shimomura (w/ arrangements by Akira Iwata & Noriyuki Kamikura) – “Knock You Down!, Sancho de Los Panchos & Heroic Struggle” ⭐16.) Stranger of Paradise: Final Fantasy Origin – Naoshi Mizuta, Yoshitaka Suzuki, Nobuo Uematsu & Hidenori Iwasaki – “Garland, Battle: Tiamat (Motif from "Flying Fortress") & Battle: The Suffering of Fools” ⭐15.) Azure Striker Gunvolt 3 – Ippo Yamada, Takumi Sato & Ryo Kawakami – “The Sprinting Yellow Garments Blade, Thunderclap Roar & Wailing Holy Night (Roar)” ⭐14.) Vampire Survivors – Daniele Zandara & Filippo Vicarelli – “Reincarnated Echoes, Vempair Survaivors & Forest Night Fever” ⭐13.) Atelier Sophie 2: The Alchemist of the Mysterious Dream – Daisuke Achiwa & Kazuki Yanagawa – “Dream Drop, Sew the Starlight & Ride on Moonlight” ⭐12.) Stray – Yann van der Cruyssen – “Secret Lab, Courtyard & Dead City” ⭐11.) Mario + Rabbids Sparks of Hope – Yoko Shimomura & Grant Kirkhope – “Battle of Beacon Beach, The Temple Under Siege & Midnite Ball (Left Turn)” ⭐10.) Shovel Knight Dig – Jake Kaufman – “The Quenched (Boss Theme), Fully Furnaced (Smelt Works) & Pest Friends (Insect Hive)” ⭐9.) Capcom Fighting Collection – CAP JAMS, Capcom Sound Team & Matt Cab – “Akuma's Theme (HYPER STREET FIGHTER II), Pyron Stage (DARKSTALKERS) & HADOUKEN” ⭐8.) Kirby and the Forgotten Land – Hirokazu Ando – “Running Through the New World, Invasion at the House of Horrors & The Ultimate Fight” Kaplan), The World on Her Shoulders (w/ vocals by Julie Elven) & By Choice/by Fate (w/ vocals by Julie Elven)” ⭐7.) Horizon Forbidden West – Oleksa Lozowchuk & Joris de Man – “Whatever Comes (w/ vocals by Julie Elven & Melissa R. ![]() ⭐6.) Marvel Snap – Christopher Alan Grabar – “Welcome to the Multiverse, Meet Your Match & Show Your Cards” ⭐5.) The King of Fighters XV – Hideki Asanaka & Naoki Kita – “Fictitious or Real (Team Sacred Treasures), Resonant Objects (Team Oroch) & Absolute Denial (Boss-2)” ⭐4.) Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII Reunion – Takeharu Ishimoto – “CRISIS CORE Theme/ Under the Apple Tree (REUNION Ver.), Wandering under the Moonlight (REUNION Ver.) & The SOLDIER Way (REUNION Ver.)” ⭐3.) Babylon's Fall – Aoba Nakanishi, Seiji Hotta & Hyun Kim – “A Triumphant Victory, Fierce Battle/General in Scarlet & A Rebel and a Hero” ⭐2.) Marvel's Midnight Suns – Tim Wynn & Phill Boucher – “Origins, One of Those Off-Off-Broadway Shows & The Strongest Among Us” ⭐1.) Sonic Frontiers – Tomoya Ohtani & Kanon Oguni – “Cyber Space 1-3 (Digital Cave), Cyber Space 1-7 (Time Flyer) & Cyber Space 2-6 (Transparent Highway)” ![]() Here, edit everything to get rid of the old version of the software which was lazy and time-consuming. For that, you need to control the simplest tweaking process. It allows you to load your quick and complex multichannel sound in your music. In this way, you may become a professional music editor including a massive patch. Then provides you plug-ins where it pushes up the fuel to you for sound creation. Logic has access for you where you can put your selection with deep interest. There are many effects on having a different collection of instruments. Hence, you do not need any other tool like this creative one for musicians. The Pro version has all features in it to record music for MAC. You can feel free to work with this advanced workstation with different digital tools like MIDI and DAW. ![]() This is working like a music production unit for professionals. Logic Pro X 10.5 Crack brings to you everything new for editing the best music. Logic Pro X 10.5.1 Crack MAC 2021 Free Download Serial Key The common filenames for the program's installer are fontexplorerxpro35.dmg, fontexplorerxpro351.dmg, fontexplorerxpro352.dmg or FontExplorerXPro25.dmg etc. This Mac app is an intellectual property of Linotype Library GmbH. Download FontExplorer X Pro 7.0 for Mac from our software library for free. The utility works with Mac OS X 10.9 and higher. Mac Torrents Torrent Mac Apple Macos Software Games Ios Plugins. Deskovery 3 2 Download Free Mac Torrents. Http Fontexplorerx S3 Amazonaws Com Cms Documents 4cfa0d367de1e490 Fontexplorer X Pro Mac Pdf. Mirror For Samsung Tv 3 0 Mac N Kristoff Chomikuj Pl. Fontexplorer X Pro 6 0 5 Mac Torrent Pirate Bayįactory installation disc for 15-inch MacBook Pro.Mac OS version 10.6.7Disc version 1.02Z691-6812-A.Fontexplorer X Pro 6 0 5 Mac Torrent Kickass.Fontexplorer X Pro 6 0 5 Mac Torrent Download.Verdict:Īn astonishingly powerful font management tool that makes it easy to keep on top of your typeface library. ![]() Mac users have access to an integrated font store, but both Mac and Windows users are equipping themselves with a seriously useful tool when they invest in FontExplorer X Pro. This is not a criticism as FontExplorer X Pro manages to justify every cent of the asking price. This is a professional tool and it has a fairly professional price tag attached to it. To help ensure that the performance of your system is maximized, fonts that are no longer in use are quickly deactivated, caches are cleared and conflicts are resolved. At its most basic you can use the software to view a list of all of your avaiolbale fonts, complete with a preview of how character sets look. When you are managing your library in a more hands on fashion, the program provides you with a wealth of tools and information. It is likely that you only use certain fonts when you are working in particular programs, and to this end FontExplorer X Pro can be configured to automatically activate individual fonts or families when you launch a certain application. Fonts can be grouped in whatever way you deem most apt, and tags can be used to make it easier to find what you are looking for. ![]() The program can be used in a number of ways, but the library organization options are going to appeal to almost everyone. FontExplorer X Pro is an advanced font management tool that can be used to keep on top of your library on both Mac and PC. You probably have a huge number of fonts at your disposal, but it can be somewhat impractical to have them all installed and available at any one time. If you work in design, publishing, web content and any of numerous other fields, there’s a chance that you need a tool to help you to better manage your font collections. INTNETADR('x.x.x.x') DESTOPT(XAIX) SEPPAGE(*NO) If the paper is not pulling from the expected drawer, try using MFRTYPMDL *HP5SI or *HP4000.įor a LAN attached continuous forms printer that supports LPR/LPD (usually a line printer or one that uses it's own printer language, such as Zebra (ZPL)):ĬRTOUTQ OUTQ(QUSRSYS/OutputQueueName) RMTSYS(*INTNETADR) RMTPRTQ(RAW) AUTOSTRWTR(1)ĬNNTYPE(*IP) DESTTYPE(*OTHER) TRANSFORM(*YES) MFRTYPMDL(*WSCST) WSCST(QWPDEFAULT) TRANSFORM(*YES) MFRTYPMDL(*HP4) RMTLOCNAME('x.x.x.x') SYSDRVPGM(*IBMSNMPDRV) ONLINE(*YES) FONT(11) FORMFEED(*CONT) PRTERRMSG(*INFO) INACTTMR(*SEC15) ![]() ![]() TRANSFORM(*YES) MFRTYPMDL(*HP4) RMTLOCNAME('x.x.x.x') SYSDRVPGM(*IBMSNMPDRV -or- *HPPJLDRV)įor a LAN attached continuous forms printer that is SNMP capable: ONLINE(*YES) FONT(11) FORMFEED(*AUTOCUT) PRTERRMSG(*INFO) INACTTMR(*SEC15) **Where x.x.x.x is the printer's IP addressįor a LAN attached printer that has drawers:ĬRTDEVPRT DEVD(PrinterName) DEVCLS(*LAN) TYPE(3812) MODEL(1) LANATTACH(*IP) PORT(9100) Most printers that support LPD will accept communication over port 515 regardless of whether the correct remote printer queue value is used. Most PCL printers use port 9100 and regardless of the hardware, a PCL Manufacturer Type and Model, such as *HP4, *HP5SI, *HP4000, etc. Or, create a printer configuration and see if it works. Supported Network Protocols to see if TCP/IP LPR/LPD, Port 9100, IPP, or SNMP is listed. Refer to the printer hardware documentation or visit the printer manufacturer's website to locate the printer's specifications to make the determination if it will work with the IBM i.Įmulation or Printer Languages, or search on PCL. This document is updated on an as needed basis. IBM support does not actively search for information about new or different printers. ![]() This document is not updated on a regular basis. Note: This document was formerly titled Support for ASCII Printers from Savin. N1019698: Printer Model Settings for Host Print Transform (HPT) N1019605: Information on Printers from Various Manufacturers It also indicates whether each printer model is likely to work when printing from the IBM Power Systems using LPR, PJL, SNMP, IPP, or a PC5250 printer session.įor information on printers from other manufacturers, please refer to the following documents: This document contains information on the capabilities that are supported on printer hardware from Savin. ![]() ![]() In fact, they have a whole ethical code about how to represent their clients. “It would take you a whole year to read your privacy policies, but if you go to a doctor, they don’t tell you to go and spend a year learning medical science you go to a lawyer, you don’t need to read the whole IRS code. Companies write privacy policies with lawyers and they make it harder for you to figure out how to opt out, how to delete your data, but as a user you’re supposed to figure out all of that yourself. “It’s an unfair game between users at one end and companies at the other. Pierre Valade, the company’s Brooklyn-based founder, describes its role as an advocate for users everywhere. Rather than having to hunt down every individual preferences screen and decipher which settings were innocuous and which were merely deliberately phrased to sound innocuous, the app would do it for you. The offer was simple: download the app, check a few boxes and it would automatically lock down your privacy settings on platforms including Facebook, Google, Twitter and Amazon. Jumbo, an app for iOS and Android, launched in 2019 with the promise that it would cut through some of that confusion. They make it harder for you to figure out how to opt out.’ Photograph: Courtesy Pierre Valade/ Jumbo founder Pierre Valade: ‘Companies write privacy policies with lawyers. Once, the company turned location history on by default now, it does not. For instance, whether or not Google is tracking your physical location 24/7 through your Android phone depends entirely on when you first used Google Maps and whether you have changed any settings since. (Which it then broke in the course of the Cambridge Analytica scandal, leading to a $5bn fine.)īut even if a company hasn’t been so creepy as to actively change privacy settings to maximise the amount of information you publish, it can still be hard to find out exactly what you are sharing. Notoriously, Facebook has even actively changed privacy settings in the past, a practice for which it was hit with a “consent decree” by the US Federal Trade Commission in 2011. Most of the companies that track you aren’t open enough for you to even know they’re snooping on you in the first placeĪdding to the confusion is the fact that what your settings are at any given moment probably depends on when you made your account, when you last logged in and how good you are at reading pop-ups that flash in front of you when you just want to find out the address of the party you’re going to. Web platforms are complex beasts, with sprawling networks of linked services, spin-offs and acquisitions, each of which treats users differently, has a separate place to change privacy settings and any one of which could theoretically expose some information you would rather was kept private. The primary justification for the rise of privacy apps is the proliferation of settings screens in our lives and the powerful options buried within them. But there’s a Faustian pact involved: to use the privacy apps to their fullest requires handing them a level of control over your digital life that would be all too easy to abuse – and it’s hard to be certain that any company can be trusted with information that sensitive. ![]() Buffing, steaming or repolishing the metal will restore the original luster, or you can choose to rhodium plate your platinum to make it whiter and shinier. After being worn platinum can develop a patina. As a result, scratched platinum jewelry can be repolished with little loss of weight. When platinum is scratched, the metal is merely displaced it does not chip or break off. Platinum: Platinum, a silvery-gray metal has superior strength. ![]() The beauty of a sapphire is accentuated by the metal it is set within White gold is occasionally plated with rhodium to create a brighter finish, over time the plating can wear off and may need to be reapplied. Gold: One of the most malleable and ductile metals, it is chemically inactive which means it won’t rust, tarnish or decay. If you have purchased an item of jewelry with diamond accent stones, the same cleaning and care guidelines apply.If you are unsure about the value, have it appraised by a professional. Do not forget to insure your fine jewelry pieces.Have your jewelry repaired, sized or polished by a professional.Do not subject your fine jewelry to physical shocks or extreme temperature changes.Avoid wearing fine jewelry when you are doing housework, gardening or participating in a sport.Store it in a safe place so it does not slip down the drain. You should remove your jewelry to bathe or wash your hands. ![]() Check your jewelry often to make sure the stones are not loose.Store your jewelry in separate envelopes or pouches.Keeping your jewelry in separate bags will keep it clean and unscratched. Always avoid harsh detergents, and never clean your jewelry with solvents such as alcohol, acetone or paint thinner. Steam and ultrasonic cleanersare usually safe to use on sapphires, but it’s always good to check with your jeweler first. The best way to clean your sapphire jewelry is with warm soapy water and a soft brush, avoiding soaking the stone. Exceptions include black star sapphires or stones that are heavily fractured or included. Natural, untreated sapphires are usually safe to clean in ultrasonic or steam cleaners used by jewelers. Keep your sapphire jewelry sparkling and beautiful with the proper care.Ĭheck your jewelry to ensure stones are not loose in their settings since the hardness of sapphires or diamonds can wear and tear at the metal used as the mounting. This also holds true for sapphire and diamond jewelry, as diamonds are the only other precious gemstone that could scratch a sapphire. Because of the hardness of sapphires, please take care that they do not scratch softer gemstones in your jewelry box. Sapphires are not prone to chipping, cracking or breaking. To make sure your natural sapphire engagement ring is always in the best condition, it is important to know exactly how they should be cleaned and stored. For these reasons, they are a favorite modern gemstone especially as new trends emerge for 2019 that indicate colored gemstones are on a steep rise. Natural, untreated sapphires are hard and durable. ![]() Starting in 2007 many attempts where done in order to overcome the limitation of the classical Smith chart. The reason for seeking an extension is determined by the desire to have a chart suitable for “including the negative impedances” and lossy transmission lines without sacrificing the usual benefits the Smith chart usually offers. These loads often appear in active circuits and in lossy transmission lines with complex characteristic impedances. Hence, loads with reflection coefficient’s magnitude greater than 1 cannot be plotted. To have a finite and practical size, the Smith Chart is constrained to the unit circle. In the short 16-minute clip below, Matt shows an example of how to design a broadband amplifier with a 3D Smith Chart. As part of that video, engineer Matt Ozalas talks about how to visualize and understand simulation data. Our friends over at Keysight hosted a full hour-long webcast on how to use Python to boost simulation data processing. Its usefulness continues to this day as a method of displaying measured and calculated data produced by computer software and modern measurement instruments.Click here to go go to our main Smith Chart page Even though computers are now the dominant design tools, the Smith Chart remains vital to the field of microwaves. By 1975 he had sold about 9 million copies of his chart to microwave engineers all over the world. In the 1970s Smith formed a company, Analog Instruments, which merchandised navigational instruments for light aircraft and later supplied Smith Charts and chart-related items. Mizuhashi Tosaku's article describing his chart appeared in December 1937 in the Journal of Electrical Communications Engineers of Japan In the days before electronic digital computers, any technique that allowed an engineer to avoid tedious calculations was very valuable, so Smith’s chart became popular among radio and microwave engineers within a few years after its publication in Electronics magazine in January of 1939. For this and other reasons, Smith’s new circular chart made many microwave engineering problems in circuits as well as in transmission lines easy to solve graphically (that is, without doing a lot of math). ![]() In 1936, he had the idea of using a circular chart and transforming the reflections mathematically so that no matter how large they were, the numbers would all fit inside the circular boundary of the chart. Fleming for telephone lines, but he kept getting numbers that went off the top and bottom of the chart. Smith tried to graph the effects of these reflections on an early type of rectangular chart developed by J. These reflected waves can bounce back and forth along the line and are eventually lost, reducing the amount of power transmitted. However, with many types of antennas, some of the waves are reflected back into the line. Ideally, all the waves would go smoothly along the line in one direction and no reflections would occur. Smith originally designed his chart to solve problems he encountered in transmitting radio waves along a special type of cable called a transmission line that conducts the waves from a radio transmitter to an antenna. The microwave engineer’s objective in many instances is to get as much microwave power as possible through electrical obstacles on its way to the goal of being transmitted from an antenna or being amplified in a receiver. This simplified version of a Smith Chart shows both resistance in ohms (numbers on the horizontal axis that range from 0.2 to 10) and the angle of a quantity called the reflection coefficient, in degrees on the outer edge of the circle. From the beginning of World War II until the development of digital computers for engineering problems, the Smith Chart was the dominant tool for microwave engineers. The Chart known as the Smith Chart was the work of Philip Smith and Mizuhashi Tosaku, who seem to have developed it independently of each other. |